7 Tips For Reefer Truck Drivers

Written By Andrew Brooks Published on February 18, 2025 Trucking

Key Takeaways

Reefer trucking is the transportation of perishable goods that require precise temperature control.
To work in reefer trucking, drivers need a CDL, knowledge of temperature management, and compliance with food safety regulations.
Maintaining the reefer unit, pre-cooling the trailer, and properly securing cargo help prevent spoilage and ensure smooth deliveries.
Monitoring temperature during transit, preparing for reefer failures, and following industry regulations are key to long-term success.

What is Reefer Trucking?

Reefer trucking is the transportation of temperature-sensitive goods using refrigerated trailers. These trailers have built-in cooling systems to keep products like food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals at a specific temperature during transit.

Reefer trucks are essential for delivering perishable items safely over long distances. They help prevent spoilage, ensure product quality, and comply with strict food safety regulations.

Requirements for Reefer Trucking

Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) – A valid CDL is required to drive a reefer truck.
Experience with Refrigerated Loads – Many companies prefer drivers who have handled temperature-sensitive freight before.
Understanding of Temperature Control – Drivers need to know how to set, monitor, and adjust reefer unit temperatures properly.
Basic Reefer Maintenance Knowledge – Keeping the unit fueled, checking airflow, and troubleshooting minor issues is important.
Food Safety Regulations – Compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and other industry rules is necessary.
Accurate Temperature Logs – Many loads require drivers to track and record temperature readings throughout the trip.
Proper Trailer Sanitation – Cleaning the trailer after every haul prevents contamination and ensures food safety.

7 Most Important Tips for Reefer Truck Drivers

1. Pre-Cool the Trailer Before Loading

Before loading, pre-cool the trailer to the required temperature to prevent spoilage and temperature fluctuations. Loading warm cargo into a hot trailer can cause product damage and compliance issues.

How to Pre-Cool Your Trailer:

Set the Correct Temperature – Adjust the reefer unit before arriving at pickup.
Allow Sufficient Time – Pre-cooling can take 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on conditions.
Check Airflow – Ensure vents are clear for proper circulation.
Keep Doors Closed – Minimize warm air entering the trailer.

Skipping pre-cooling can result in rejected loads and financial loss.

2. Verify Temperature Settings & Requirements

Different reefer loads need different temperature settings. Even small changes can spoil cargo.

How to Verify Temperature Settings:

Check the Bill of Lading (BOL) – Follow shipper instructions.
Confirm with the Shipper – Ensure the reefer matches the required temperature.
Use Continuous Mode for Perishables – Avoid temperature fluctuations.
Monitor Throughout the Trip – Regularly check temperature readings.

For example, strawberries require 32-34°F, while frozen meat needs 0°F or lower.

3. Perform Regular Reefer Maintenance

A well-maintained reefer unit prevents breakdowns and costly product loss.

Reefer Maintenance Checklist:

Check Airflow & Vents – Blocked vents cause uneven cooling.
Monitor Fuel Levels – Keep reefer fuel above half full.
Test Battery & Electrical System – Weak batteries lead to cooling failures.
Watch for Unusual Noises or Fluctuations – Detect problems early.
Clean the Trailer – Wash after each load to prevent contamination.

Schedule maintenance every 3,000 to 4,000 hours to prevent breakdowns.

4. Properly Distribute & Secure the Load

Uneven cargo distribution causes hot spots, unstable temperatures, and shifting loads.

Best Loading Practices:

Stack Properly – Leave space between boxes for airflow.
Use Load Bars & Straps – Prevent cargo from shifting.
Follow Weight Guidelines – Distribute weight evenly.
Avoid Blocking Airflow – Keep cargo away from vents.

A well-organized load ensures consistent cooling and product protection.

5. Monitor Temperature & Humidity During the Trip

External factors like weather and long stops can affect cargo temperature.

How to Maintain Proper Conditions:

Use Temperature Monitoring Systems – Get alerts for fluctuations.
Check the Reefer at Every Stop – Verify temperature manually.
Keep Doors Closed – Limit warm air exposure.
Use Data Loggers – Many companies require temperature tracking.

Frozen goods should never exceed a 2°F variation to avoid rejection.

6. Be Ready for Reefer Failures

Even well-maintained reefers can fail. Quick action can save the load.

What to Do If the Reefer Fails:

Check for Error Codes – Diagnose the issue.
Call for Roadside Assistance – Get professional help if needed.
Notify Shipper & Receiver – Arrange alternatives if necessary.
Find Cold Storage – Protect cargo if repairs take too long.
Keep Emergency Supplies – Extra fuel, fuses, and coolant help fix minor issues.

Being prepared prevents product loss and penalties.

7. Follow Food Safety & Reefer Regulations

Reefer trucking follows strict food safety rules. Non-compliance leads to fines and rejected loads.

Regulations to Follow:

Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) – Requires accurate temperature records.
Maintain Temperature Logs – Shippers may require proof of compliance.
Sanitize the Trailer – Clean after every load.
Follow Load-Specific Rules – Some cargo requires precise, unchanging temperatures.

Conclusion

Reefer trucking is all about keeping goods at the right temperature, maintaining your equipment, and following safety rules. When drivers follow these steps, they can avoid spoilage, keep customers happy, and complete deliveries without issues.

Keeping your reefer unit in good shape, loading cargo properly, and checking temperatures regularly can save you from costly problems. Being ready for breakdowns and following food safety laws will help you build a strong and successful career in refrigerated trucking.